Language as a Liberation Aesthetic: Ngũgĩ’s Use of Gĩkũyũ in Mũrogi wa Kagogo [Wizard of the Crow] and Other Works
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i21.358Keywords:
Gĩkũyũ language, decolonising, cultural identity, liberation aesthetics, exileAbstract
This paper examined the aesthetics and politics of writing African literature in local vernaculars as opposed to writing in what proponents of this discourse have termed as colonial languages, like English and French, amongst others. The focus of this article is on the writings of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, the most vocal critic of ‘imperial languages’, and also an ardent advocate for African languages as well as a practitioner of his vernacular language, where most of his published fictional works are in his native Gĩkũyũ language of Kenya. This paper then critically examines Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s application of the Gĩkũyũ language in his novel Mũrogi wa Kagogo (2006), translated as Wizard of the Crow, and his other works in the language. This paper inevitably engages with the writer’s stance on the use of vernaculars in increasingly globalizing cultures.
Article received: December 18, 2019; Article accepted: January 31, 2020; Published online: April 15, 2020; Original scholarly article
References
Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 2004.
George, Rosemary Marangoly. Politics of Home: Postcolonial Relocations and Twentieth-Century Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Githinji, Peter. “Bazes and Their Shibboleths: Lexical Variation and Sheng Speakers’ Identity in Nairobi.” Nordic Journal of African Studies 15, 4 (2006): 443–72.
Githiora, Chege. “Sheng: Peer Language, Swahili Dialect or Emerging Creole?” Journal of African Cultural Studies 15, 2 (2002): 159–81. doi: 10.1080/1369681022000042637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369681022000042637
Helland, Kristin. “Writing in Gĩkũyũ: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Search for African Authenticity. In Contact Linguistics in Africa and Beyond, edited by Akinmade T. Akande and Rotimi Taiwo, 227–46. Nova Science Pub Inc; UK edition, 2013.
Kamoche, Ken. “Can Ngũgĩ Ape and Hope to promote Vernacular?” Sunday Nation (July 19, 2005).
McLaren, Joseph. “Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Moving the Centre and Its Relevance to Afrocentricity.” Journal of Black Studies 28, 3 (Jan. 1998): 386–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479802800307
Mazrui, Ali A. “Cultural Amnesia, Cultural Nostalgia and False Memory: Africa’s Identity Crisis Revisited.” African Philosophy 13, 2 (2000): 87–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341249
Mbugua, Martin. “Ngũgĩ. Why I Advance African Languages.” Daily Nation Weekender Magazine (Jan 13, 1995).
Mutonya, Mungai. “Redefining Nairobi's Streets: Study of Slang, Marginalization, and Identity.” Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective 2, 2 (2007): 169–85.
Mwangi, Evan. “Ngũgĩ’s Notions of Pure African Languages are ‘Fiction’.” Sunday Nation (Oct. 5 1997).
Ndĩgĩrĩgĩ, Gĩchîngiri. “What Is My Nation: Visions of a New Global Order in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Wizard of the Crow.” Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective 2, 2 (2007): 186–99.
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. Dreams in a Time of War: A Childhood Memoir. Pantheon, New York and Secker Harvill, London, 2010.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Murogi wa Kagogo. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers [English translation: Wizard of the Crow. New York: Secker, 2006].
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa, ed. Mutiiri 1, 1 (Jan.–April. 1994).
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa, ed. Mutiiri 1, 2 (June.–Oct. 1994).
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. 1993
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Matigari. Trans. Wangui wa Goro. Nairobi: EAEP, 1992.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Penpoints, Gunpoints and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature London: James Currey, 1986.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Devil on the Cross. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1982.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary. Nairobi: Heinemann, 1981.
Thiong'o, Ngũgĩ wa. Writers in Politics Nairobi: Heinemann 1981
Nyairo, Joyce. “Ngũgĩ Redefines the Kenyan Identity.” African Review (May 4, 2010).
Oguibe, Olu. Proceedings of the African Research and Information Bureau Conference, March 27–28, 1992. London. African Writers in Exile: Dreaming of Homeland. African Literature Association, ALA Bulletin 18, 2 (1982).
Pelton, Theodore. “Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and the Politics of Language.” The Humanist (March/April 1993).
Peterson, Derek R. Creative Writing: Translation, Bookkeeping, and the Work of Imagination in Colonial Kenya. Portsmouth, NH: NH: Heinemann, 2004
Rettová Alena. “The role of African Languages in African philosophy.” Rue Descartes 36 (2/2002), 129–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/rdes.036.0129
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 AM Journal of Art and Media Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
AM Journal of Art and Media Studies ISSN 2217-9666 - printed, ISSN 2406-1654 - online, UDK 7.01:316.774
Contact: amjournal@outlook.com
Publisher: Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
Indexed in: ERIH PLUS, EBSCO, DOAJ, and in The List of Scientific Journals Categorization of Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia (M24 in 2021; M23 in 2023). Beginning with No. 12 2017, AM is indexed, abstracted and covered in Clarivate Analytics service ESCI.